JKT, KanalBorneo.com – Starlink layanan besutan Elon Musk yang tak menggunakan serat optik seperti pada umumnya, namun dengan sistem satelit yang menggunakan sinyal radio dengan ruang hampa yang kini resmi beroperasi di Indonesia.
Starlink menggunakan sistem LEO (Low Earth Orbit) atau dalam istilah umum biasa disebut penempatan orbit rendah, dengan penempatan ketinggian 482 kilometer tiap setelitnya.
Pada penempatan orbit geostasioner ini memiliki keunggulan, yakni kecepatan internet yang meningkat dan mengurangi tingkat letensi.
Dengan satelit yang cukup kecil dibandingkan satelit pada biasanya, dengan memiliki bobot berat 259 kilogram yang diangkut oleh roket SpaceX Falcon 9 perusahaan Antariksa yang juga dimiliki oleh Elon.
Sekali penerbangan Falcon 9 mampu mengangkut 60 satelit sekaligus. Untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan, SpaceX mengusulkan konstelasi hampir 42 ribu satelit berukuran tablet yang mengelilingi dunia.
Selain itu juga Starlink sedang berusaha mengurangi ketergantungan pada stasiun bumi, dengan menyiapkan teknologi komunikasi laser, yang akan mengirimkan sinyal antar satelit.
Cara Kerja dan Risiko Satelit
Starlink terhubung ke jaringan internet melalui gateway yang dipantau dan dikendalikan oleh NOC (Network Operation Center). Fungsi gateway atau pintu gerbang itu adalah menghubungkan antar jaringan ke jaringan lain dengan sistem aturan protokol.
Internet gateway membutuhkan petunjuk arah dari jaringan milik Internet Service Provider (ISP) ke jaringan internet global. Setiap pengguna yang beraktivitas dalam dunia maya, data akan dikirimkan lewat gawai melalui penyedia layanan internet yang berbentuk antenna BTS, kabel atau satelit.
Starlink data yang dikirim ke gateway dengan perangkat terminal yang di jual senilai Rp.7 juta. Selain itu juga Starlink telah bekerja sama dengan perusahaan dalam negeri yaitu TelkomSat untuk memanfaatkan gateway milik BUMN yaitu PT. Telkom Indonesia.
Namun Starlink juga memiliki kelemahan atau risiko, yaitu punya ketergantungan yang sangat rendah terhadap gateway tempat beroperasi. Sebab ribuan satelit itu mengirimkan data dari satu ke lainnya.
Artinya ada kemungkinan lalu lintas jaringan internet dari Indonesia bisa sampai ke satelit lain tanpa terpantau dari dalam negeri. Itu juga yang membuat Budi Arie Setiadi sebagai MENKOMINFO menekan Starlink perlu menempatkan NOC di tanah air (Indonesia/red*).
NOC itu akan memantau semua lalu lintas ISP. Selain itu pemerintah dan otoritas keamanan dapat memantau jaringan Starlink, jadi dapat menghindari potensi pencurian data dan pelanggaran hukum.
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